Elbow

Transient, dyssynchronous growth of the radius and ulna may be a risk factor for development of MCD in Bernese Mountain dogs

The values established could be used as a reference for surgical treatment of angular deformities, malunions, non-unions, comminuted fractures, and future orthopaedic research

It should be considered a clinical disease distinct from dysplasia-related fragmentation

Medial compartment disease is not homogenous and pattern recognition may assist further investigation of etiopathogenesis

Dogs with medial compartment disease undergoing BODPUO showed clinical improvement in the 6 month follow-up

Arthroscopic treatment of medial coronoid disease, even with limited cartilage lesions, may not resolve lameness in some dogs

Cats with forelimb lameness should be evaluated for medial humeral epicondylitis, associated with free joint bodies and neurogenic myopathy

Computer recognition pattern analysis was up to 100% correct in identifying abnormal elbows and normal elbows, with the medial images most consistent

To the authors’ knowledge this is the first case report of a congenital radial head sub-luxation in a craniolateral direction in a dog and also one successfully managed with radial head ostectomy and radioulnar synostosis.

Due to irreversible loss of cartilage, the prognosis of the erosion of the medial compartment of the elbow joint remains guarded