Knee

Pelvic limb function improves following surgical correction of grade 4 MPL; however, a return to full function should be considered guarded.

Absence of high quality evidence to establish the true frequency or risk factors for meniscal injury in these dogs

At the time of mid-term and long-term owner follow-up, most dogs in this case series had returned to full function

Surgical procedures used to treat cranial cruciate injuries (ie, TPLO) and patellar luxation decreased blood delivery to the patellar tendon of canine cadavers, at least acutely

At the time of mid-term and long-term owner follow-up, most dogs in this case series had returned to full function

In the study, the regional anaesthesia techniques used were found to be excellent alternatives to fentanyl administration

The Veress needle method was useful to establish a fluid egress system and limit iatrogenic cartilage excoriations

TTA achieves normal function by 12 months at the walk and is indistinguishable from ECR at the trot. Function after TPLO was similar to the control dogs

Overall radiographic complication rate and healing scores similar to those described for unilateral TTA

The use of femoral and sciatic nerves blocks with bupivacaine appears to be an helpful alternative technique during surgery.