Imaging

An accurate estimation of the extent of the elbow cartilage lesions still requires arthroscopic joint inspection

The technique was fast and easy to perform and allowed a minimally invasive approach while improving spinal cord visualization

A potential cause of chronic hindlimb lameness in medium to large breed dogs. MRI is suited for diagnosis and treatment is generally conservative.

Surface blood flow appears greater in partially ruptured canine CrCL than intact CrCL

The values established could be used as a reference for surgical treatment of angular deformities, malunions, non-unions, comminuted fractures, and future orthopaedic research

Medial tibial cortex torsion and tibial rotational alignment can be measured using the protocol described in this study

Medial compartment disease is not homogenous and pattern recognition may assist further investigation of etiopathogenesis

If zero femoral elevation can be achieved for radiography, the lateral distal femoral angle measurements do not vary much with mild femoral rotation (±5°)

Overall radiographic complication rate and healing scores similar to those described for unilateral TTA

Toy Poodles with grade 4 medial patellar luxation had significant femoral varus deformity, medial displacement of the tibial tuberosity, internal torsion of the proximal tibia, and hypoplasia of the patella.