Knee

The TPA can be successfully measured with up to 30° of internal and external tibial rotation in CrCL-deficient stifles with no osteoarthritic changes.

Complication rates are comparable to traditional repairs for MPL.

Locking fixation of TPLO with a 3.5-mm broad TPLO plate alone should be considered in large dogs because it may reduce complications.

This observational animal cohort study demonstrates a biomechanical rationale for investigating diagnostic and potential treatment options.

Use of 3D-printed osteotomy and reduction guides may improve the accuracy of correction of femoral alignment.

Surgeon, surgical experience, arthrotomy, meniscal damage, meniscal intervention, complications, postoperative TPA and initial TPA have no effect on this measurement of surgical outcome.

The high variances in PTA measurement in less experienced observers may influence the clinical outcome of surgery.

Selection of a larger cage size during the TTA may be advantageous to compensate for underadvancement and to minimize the risk of residual cranial tibial translation.

We believe that in small-breed dogs with patellar luxation, patella status would be unlikely to have a clinically meaningful effect on the measured TPA.

Rate of return to competition and duration of the convalescent period may be useful outcome variables for future investigations involving orthopedic procedures in dogs.